Victorian Age essays

Victorian Age essays The Victorian Age brought about great changes in all areas of everyday living. There were great political, economical, religious, and social changes which influenced the attitudes and values of the emerging society along with many writers of that time. Countries were rapidly changing from an agricultural to an industrial society. Life during this time was moving at a much faster pace. Although many thought, including Bathd, "of the Victorian Age as a smug complacency, of hypocritical and unhealthy prudery", (Bathd 22) it was much more than that. The Victorian Era marked freedom in a way of which poets felt they had an immediate mission. Alfred Tennyson was among one of the greatest poets of this time. His work completely sums up and expresses the great Victorian Era in which he lived. The Victorian Age lasted from 1837 - 1901. During this time Queen Victoria ruled and her reign was so outstanding it became known as the "Victorian Era". Around this time Victorian England saw great expansion of wealth, power and culture that influenced not only England but most parts of the world. "This was also a time of several unsettling social developments such as the growth of English democracy, the education of the masses, the progress of industrial enterprise and the consequent rise of a materialistic philosophy" (Wright 4). Yet, it can be said without much fear of contradiction that this age represents the glory of the middle classes. The people of this period experienced a rise in their moral sense and social conscience, which animated the middle class. They had a very high moral tone to maintain and managed to do just that. This was due to the fact that Queen Victoria grew up as part of this class. Her ethics, respectability and personal tastes generally reflected tho se belonging to the "great" middle class. Cooke believed "that what made them so Victorian is their sense of social responsibility, a basic attitude that obviously different...

Easy Way To Make Rainbow Fire

Easy Way To Make Rainbow Fire Its easy to turn an ordinary flame into a rainbow-colored flame. This flame was produced by burning ordinary gel fuel, which is sold for decorative clay fire pots. You can find the pots at just about any home store (e.g., Target, Home Depot, Wal-mart, Lowes). The gel burns at a fairly cool temperature, slowly enough that a small cup maintains a flame for hours. All you need to do to duplicate this effect is sprinkle boric acid onto the gel. You can find boric acid as a roach killer or disinfectant powder. Only a pinch of boric acid is needed. Eventually, the gel fuel will be consumed, leaving the boric acid behind. You dont need to add more chemical to the pot to maintain the color, but if you ever want to return to an ordinary flame youll need to rinse the boric acid away with water before the next use. How the Rainbow Effect Works Boric acid doesnt actually burn in the flame. Instead, the heat of combustion ionizes the salt, producing a characteristic green emission. The alcohol of the gel fuel burns blue, edging toward yellow and orange where the flame is cooler. When you put the alcohol-based flame together with the boric acid emission spectrum you get most of the colors of the rainbow. Other Colors Boric acid isnt the only salt that colors flames. You could experiment with copper salts (blue to green), strontium (red) or potassium salts (violet). Its best to use a single salt because mixing them together more often produces a yellow flame than a multicolored flame. This is because the brightest emission comes from sodium, which burns yellow and is an extremely common contaminant of many household chemicals.

The short term endocrine responses to resistance training and Essay

The short term endocrine responses to resistance training and subsequent effects on neuromuscular performance - Essay Example To enable the readers to have a better understanding of the subject matter, the endocrine system and its major function will first be described. Eventually, the short-term endocrine responses to resistance training including its subsequent effects on neuromuscular performance will be tackled in details. In the process of going through the main discussion, a literature review on peer reviewed journals will be conducted as a way of determining the research findings of several authors with regards to this subject matter. It is given that endogenous production of testosterone in a human body can be suppressed with the use of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) analogs. As part of addressing the research question, several research studies that has tried testing the importance of testosterone level in increasing the muscle mass and strength will be gathered, compared, and contrast. Eventually, a total of five physical fitness and/or sports trainers will be randomly selected for a personal interview. Based on the research findings of several past and current research studies and the research interview results, whether or not the levels of testosterone present in the male human body is responsible for the increase in neuromuscular performance among the athletes will be answered in details. Because of my personal interest in sports activities like soccer, I have personally selected the research topic to increase my knowledge on the importance of endocrine system and how it is expected to respond to resistant training. Since the neuromuscular performance of people who are active in sports activities are better than those who live a sedentary life, knowing the short-term endocrine responses to resistance training will enable me to fully understand the factors that makes the neuromuscular performance of active people better than those individuals who do not have so much physical

Global Network Strategies (Geography of Transport Systems) Essay

Global Network Strategies (Geography of Transport Systems) - Essay Example However, this does not mean that regional and national centers will cease to exist. Some products still require a three-tier distributing that consists of regional, national as well as international centers. Network structure is adapted in order to meet the requirements of IFT demand. This can adapt numerous forms operating at various scales. There are various strategies employed in distribution networks. The choice of one strategy over the other mainly depends on the nature of the cargo and the environment it is operated from. They include point to point distribution, corridor structures of distribution, hub and spoke networks, fixed routing networks and Flexible Routing networks. This is usually used when there is need for satisfaction of specialized and specific one time orders. This often leads to the creation of empty return problems and less than full load. This structure requires minimal logistics but the efficiency is compromised. A good example of point to point network is the point to point transportation system. This system transports containers from one location to a second address. It consists of a transport channel, propeller, operator, numerous containers and an operative communication. The controller is configured to receive instructions for transport between the locations. The controller instructs the operator, who then communicates with the propeller. The propeller moves the cargo to move from the first location to the second. It is important to have a way to between two addresses by use of a channel type system with containers moving rapidly and directly between start points and finish points. It is also important to have a way of monitoring the movement of the cargo in the system and rerouting cargo should there be any delays arise in any section of the system as well as any other complications. Moreover, it is vital to have a system which can allow various container sizes. This is what point to point distribution network offers. The size of the containers can be selected. This helps in meeting traffic and cargo constraints. A system to transport cargo within various containers from the first address to the second consists of various tracks between these addresses to engage and support plurality of the containers. The invention of point to point transportation enabled cargo transportation by the use of containers. Corridor structures of distribution These usually help in linking services, like land bridge that connect container trains to seaboards, with high density agglomerations. Loading and unloading of traffic along the corridors can be done at local and regional distribution centers that act as sub hubs in the distribution system. This is especially applicable in large transport and logistics companies (Rodrigue et al, 2006). Hub and spoke networks These have come with high throughput distribution centers and the emergence of air freight distribution. These are in great favor of parcel services. This structure is only possible if the hub is capable of handling big amounts of consignments where time is important. It requires logistics that are extensive since efficiency comes from the terminal of the hub. A main distribution cente

Change Speech -Kite Runner, Poem, Article Essay Example for Free

Change Speech -Kite Runner, Poem, Article Essay One can perceive change within themselves in various ways and through various mediums. Today I stand before you, ladies and gentleman to discuss with you three significant Changing Self texts I believe, strongly connect in their own ways with the Representations of Changing Self expo. Change can be an immediate process or it can be a series of events over a prolonged period of time like it is in Hosseini’s novel The Kite Runner, published in 2003. However, using different texts The Kite Runner and perhaps a poem, like The Door, by Miroslar Holub for example, can represent change of self not only in a different format, but also connecting ideas that change can be triggered by a certain event or experience in history which can leave a lasting impact on the present and future. At times we need to be coached or pushed into change, however in other instances we are called to embrace the opportunity as it arises. Sometimes we come across change unknowingly, by innocence or fear of circumstances as of a true story of an Indian boy named Saroo who unknowingly was driven through the process of change. Changing Self can be a very difficult process to acknowledge and to accept. This idea is significant in The Kite Runner; a ‘deeply moving’ novel demonstrates how a horrific experience of one unforeseen event can change the present and future of a young life. Amir slowly develops realisation with age that another change is required to bring about a new beginning or ‘a way to be good again’, as Rahim Khan said presented as a ‘one time’ opportunity . As discussed in the beginning of the novel we are revealed with a component of the past which reflects the choice of future Amir is faced with. The result of Amir’s dreadful experience of watching his servant friend, or not-so-much friend, Hassan being raped and the fact that he didn’t do anything about it, or step in and fight Asef before any commotion began fills Amir with unsound guilt and remorse which he proved unable to hide away from, ‘it was my past of untatoned sins† as quoted. This guilt is too powerful for him to acknowledge, so much so that he takes the course of trying to change the way things ran around his home, by getting rid of Hassan from his life. Amir runs away, metaphorically and literally from the environment and surrounds in hope to seek a better mind and reality. Using the literal ‘running’ from Afghanistan to America to seek safety, he does this metaphorically as he tries to run away from the guilt he cannot let go of. The symbolic use of the cleft lip is a significant detail in the novel used to classify that a person can be identified through specific events and choices, positive or negative. By this whereas Hassan had a cleft lip as a child, this same scenario is changed around as Amir embraces the opportunity to ‘become good again’ and save Sohrab, Hassan’s son, and Amir’s own nephew, from Asef. Amir changes his old cowardice to courage, stepping fourth to fight a losing battle with Asef, a noted, ‘cathartic’ experience, relieving himself from pain, with pain from the blows of Asef, leaving Amir with a cleft lip also. Only to be saved by Sohrab with the repeated symbolic use of the slingshot, this was also used to save Amir from Asef by Hassan years before. Amir feels as though he has positively changed for the better by embracing opportunity and new attribute of courage, filling in the gaps of his stained past. Changing self may be presented as a door of opportunity or experience we may be called to open. The Door, an influential, yet daring poem by Miroslar Holub emphasises in an imperative tone of urgency and pushiness that any change is better than no change at all. Therefore, one must embrace any change as the opportunity presents itself. The symbol of the door is an indicator of opportunities, and the need for them to be open, just as Rahim Khan was a door of opportunity for Amir to open and experience the ‘drought’ or movement of change willing to take place, good or bad. The words, ‘if there is a fog, it will clear’ demonstrates how this presented opportunity for Amir to relieve his life of guilt with be finally removed with action of ‘opening the door.’ The repetition of ‘go and open the door’ is not only encouraging but coaching and emphasising that if all doors are opened and even if so many are negative, there will still be a positive movement because the door was opened and ‘at least there will be a draught,’ or rather, at least you will have tried to do something about an awful event or experience with an unseen future and not remain in the same position, dealing with the guilt and regret, which cannot escape. As long as the door remains shut, the air will remain stuffy and uncomfortable to breathe in, so coming fourth and opening the door will let fresh air and new opportunities to evolve. The writer explains the positives of change which is used to entice or urge the reader to want to experience a new change of air. Changing circumstances in one’s life can erratically change and impact one’s life within a series of events contained by a short span of time. This concept is represented in the deeply touching true story of an Indian boy, named Saroo which was published in the Sydney Morning Herald back in March this year. Throughout 25 years, young Saroo went through an array of unforseen events which lead him away from lifelong poverty and his mother to where he is today, amongst the rich living in Australia. Just as the Herald Sun writes, ‘Australia’s very own, slum dog millionaire!’ Why was this so? Many say it occurred because of fate. When Saroo, whom at the time was only five years old- awoke alone and very frightened at one of India’s very many train stations very late in the evening after he had fallen asleep waiting for h is brother to return. At this part of Saroo’s life, he had very little and was uneducated. Was it fear or was it God or a mixture of the both who persuaded young Saroo to pursue looking for his brother in the closest train simply because, ‘he might be in there.’ This simple child’s thought shunted and altered his life away from anything he ever knew one unforseen event, encouraged by fear, taking the opportunity to open the doors which lead to a train, almost leaving to go to Australia. The Sydney Morning Herald describes this event as ‘the night his young life’s course was altered forever.’ This change of self is represented by the innocence of a young boy. This concept is characterised by Saroo explaining how the reality of trying to get home became a dead end, just like, all the trains he road, to try and reach home, only to meet with another dead end. Various aspects of Saroo’s life were in fact ‘dead ends’ but when it came to his life depending on it, just as Amir depended on the opportunity from Rahim Khan, as unforseen at the time as it was both boys embraced their opportunities to find something, whether a brother or second chance. They opened the door. Saroo’s door opened eventually to a family from Australia whom adopted him, suddenly and strangely out of his life course, he landed himself in Hobart. In conclusion, we can gather that changing self can be a difficult process, yet also an unforseen process which may take place over a series of events. These three researched texts have shown connecting and similar views that we must make use of experience and opportunity of change as it arises. Through these views, we are challenged that ultimately it is up to ourselves via thoughts or actions or a mixture of both to decide the course of change we are willing to take. In the Kite Runner, it is up to Amir to choose to put himself in danger to make up for his guilty past, The Door commands us to take opportunities, and yet in the Sydney Morning Herald’s feature Story illustrates that with physical experience change is forever impacting. Each of these demonstrates in their own way how change can somewhat be forced upon a person and ultimately deliver them into a new direction.

A Tale Of Two Cities and The Dark Knight Rises Essay -- innocents, bad

â€Å"It was the worst of times it was the best of times.†(book). In the book A Tale Of Two Cities innocents were killed, abused and imprisoned. This book had a hero and a bad guy. The hero was Sydney Carton and the bad people were probably the revolutionaries, Madame Defarge and Monsieur Defarge. In the movie The Dark Knight Rises innocents, were also killed but in several different ways. In this movie, the bad guy was Bane and his accomplices, and the hero was Batman. In the book A Tale Of Two Cities the ways that they would kill people were that they would behead them and they would hang them or they would let them rot in prison. Most of the people that were killed were innocents or they were people that were in the way of them trying to take down the city. In the book the main character, Charles Darnay was arrested and was falsely accused of treason and being an illegal alien. Madame Defarge was taking out her anger on the whole family in which she thought had killed her sister. So Madame Defarge was going after all of the Marquis no matter if they had anything to do with t...

Economic development programs Essay

One area where African-American churches have largely been on their own is in the area of economic development programs. Reiland relates the tale of a successful grassroots economic development program initiated by the Greater Christ Temple in Meridian, Mississippi. The church started the REACH Program in 1977 in response to high unemployment in the congregation. The program, beginning with sales of peanuts in the church basement, has expanded greatly since these humble beginnings. As Reiland notes, the church’s economic enterprises today include a Christian boarding school, a gas station, motels, restaurants, meat processing plants and several other ventures. The REACH Program hasn’t had the easiest time; differences of opinion within the African-American community, particularly a split with the NAACP, is noted; troubles with formal systems such as the welfare department and the health department are also noted. The REACH Program does not receive any assistance from the government or from philanthropic foundations, and is entirely self-funded, which has occasionally caused problems with the viability of the program. Overall, though, the program has been a success, and the economic health and wellbeing of the congregation has grown tremendously. As Reiland states: A Black bishop who doesn’t look beyond the poor community itself for salvation, who sees potential business success in the faces of his flock, may seem naively out-of-step. To those watching from the ground, a bird that is out of formation risks being seen as misguided. But maybe It is the rest of the flock that is out of step. (Reiland, 7). YOUTH ADVOCACY PROGRAMS Youth advocacy programs and youth ministries have long been a cornerstone of Black church ministry, and have been recognized to decrease youth problems such as crime, premarital sex and pregnancy and truancy and drop out rates in areas with strong church programs. Youth advocacy programs are also one of the main areas where Black churches perform community outreach; many church programs are extended to non-congregation members. Rubin (1994) studied the role of youth advocacy programs within Black churches and their effects on adolescents who participated. Youth advocacy programs are particularly important because, as Rubin states, adolescence is a peculiarly vulnerable time – adolescents are often no longer under the full control of their parents and have adult bodies, but are still lacking in adult psychological qualities like judgment capability, impulse control and the ability to predict the consequences of their actions. Although adolescents are typically physically healthy, they suffer myriad social and psychological ills they are ill-equipped to deal with (Rubin, 252). Rubin notes that the social problems of adolescents range from pregnancy and out-of-wedlock births to emotional and sexual abuse to crime and delinquency. The picture the authors paint is depressing; they note that the highest rate of adolescent pregnancy and out of wedlock birth occurs among poor Black teenagers; that sexually transmitted diseases and premature sexuality are also a concern; that emotional and physical abuse, dysfunctional families, the lack of male role models in the home, and substance abuse are all on the rise; that physical and mental problems like psychosis, accidental injuries, obesity and thyroid problems disproportionately affect Black children and that depression and suicide are common among Black teens (Rubin, 252). Other social problems like crime, delinquency, illiteracy or non-completion of high school, limited career aspirations and lack of opportunity, and behavioral and learning difficulties combine with the above factors to paint a very negative picture of the African-American adolescent (Rubin, 252). Rubin’s study examined the role of the Black church in affecting the lives of Black adolescents to determine how responsive the church is to the needs of its youth. The study, called the Black Church Family Project, examined 635 churches in total across the North Central and Northeastern United States, conducting phone interviews with church leaders in order to determine the degree of youth ministry provided. Out of these churches, 176 reported the existence of at least one program which was open to nonmembers of the church. Most of the programs were targeted at youth from low-income homes (Rubin, 253). The churches who responded to Rubin’s study reported many different types of programs. The most common programs were teen support programs such as counseling, fellowships or ministry, group discussions, seminar and workshops (39%). Sports activities such as athletic camps or martial arts classes were second most popular, at 30% of the responding churches offering. AIDS support and health-related services were offered least commonly, at only 2-3% of responding churches; however, many churches offered general programs for substance abuse counseling. College financial support (16% of the responding churches), parenting and sexuality counseling including pregnancy prevention and teen parenting support programs were offered by 15% of the churches, and 14% of the responding churches offered intervention programs for at-risk youth such as delinquency prevention (Rubin, 254). Other programs included adult role model or mentoring programs, employment training and job readiness, and a category of â€Å"other youth support programs†. The study found a number of different which influenced the potential for a church to host or facilitate a youth outreach ministry: denomination was one such factor, with Methodists being far more likely than other denominations to host such groups, and Baptists least likely; older churches were more likely to host programs, as were churches which were economically more stable. Other factors cited were ownership of church premises and the presence of paid clergy and lay helpers (Rubin, 256). The character and training of the church’s pastor was also seen to be of critical importance when determining the likelihood of a church having youth outreach programs – clergy who were younger, those who were formally trained at a seminar or bible college or those who had advanced degrees were seen as more likely to sponsor youth ministries (Rubin, 257). Rubin’s study highlights some deficiencies in the coverage of youth outreach programs as compared to the problems of modern adolescents. The authors note that health related services and AIDS testing and support programs are very rare; that substance abuse, parenting and sexuality programs are not as prominent as they should be when compared to the size of the problems in the African-American communities overall; and that the bulk of support is aimed at sports and fellowship activities, which can be easily obtained outside the church setting (Rubin, 258). However, Rubin also notes some positive advantages to the involvement of the Black church in adolescent’s lives. The church’s role in family life is one such advantage; the church offers support to parents which reduces their stress and eases the task of socializing their children. Adolescent parents in particular are supported by the Black church, with education of teenage fathers and stress reduction of teenage mothers being primary benefits (Rubin, 260). Black churches have also taken on an increasing burden for sexual education in the wake of federal limits which require abstinence-only programs; life skills, economics and basic prenatal care are also seen as benefits to the church ministry (Rubin, 261). Areas Rubin marks out as having great potential for improvement are in college support (scholarships and tutoring), job training and employment readiness and acknowledging and supporting the difference in adolescent psychology and social support structures between boys and girls (Rubin, 262).

Baroque Style of Period

It's easy to play any musical instrument: all you have to do is touch the right key at the right time and the instrument will play itself. -Johann Sebastian Bach Well, yes, it's easy to play any musical instrument, but unfortunately for most, it IS hard finding the â€Å"right key' and putting your finger, or mouth, or bow on the â€Å"right time† is almost impossible. But Bach always found the right time to play, and it wasn't during the right second or on the right beat. It was the right century. 600 officially began the Baroque period, and I mention Bach because it seems this period ended tit his death in 1750. Stay tuned (all puns intended) to learn what was going on, who else had the magic touch, and the characteristics of the Baroque time. Several events took place in the one hundred and fifty year span of the Baroque period. Presumably the most influential was that the Age of Enlightenment began. That meant you had an increased chance not to be killed for being differe nt, which was great for entertainers trying to make a name for themselves.Great philosophers and writers flourished in this time, including Francis Bacon, Rene Descartes, Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, John Milton, Jonathan Swift, William Shakespeare, and John Donned. All of which high school students are forced- ERM encouraged to read about. Science was also explored, and from it, gravity- the enemy of all women standing on a scale- was discovered. Sir Isaac Newton developed laws of physics, including the Laws of Motion and, as noted above, gravity. The first opera, Eurydice, and opera house, Theater San Casino, opened in 1600 and 1637, respectively.King James Version of the Bible, the most widely distributed version today, was published and reduced in 1611, and probably the greatest moment for you and me, the pilgrims landed here in America in 1620. Go Thanksgiving! So needless to say, none of the great composers of this time came from America, and consequently, have rather difficult names for the average American to pronounce. Such as Archangel Cornell, Claudio Monteverdi, Jean-Philippe Rammer, Alexandra and Domenici Scarlatti, and Heimlich Scouts (You should see how many red squiggly lines Word has up for those).There are less complicated ones, such as Johann Sebastian Bach, George Frederic Handel, Henry Purcell, and Antonio Vivaldi. Vivaldi†¦ I love Vivaldi; his works are outstanding and seem to fit every occasion. Most commercial companies have realized this as well, regrettably, and overuse his masterpiece, The Four Seasons. Some of the other more notable works were Toccata and Fugue in D minor by Bach, The Messiah by Handel, Marcher Royals by Lully, and Coracle's trio sonatas such as Sonata for Violin and Lute.Speaking of trio sonatas, they were a popular form of the Baroque period, as were concertos, concerto grosses, suites (a set of instrumental compositions to be played in succession or a set of selected pieces from an opera or musical, arranged t o be laded as one instrumental work), oratorios, cantatas, operas, fugues (a contrapuntal composition in which a short melody or phrase is introduced by one part and successively taken up by others and developed by interweaving the parts), and toccatas (a musical composition for a keyboard instrument designed to exhibit the performer's touch and technique).While some of these forms may have been used in periods before them, the Baroque period definitively had its definitive characteristics that made it unique and created things that made it memorable. In general, the music was a bit like â€Å"how it feels to chew 5 gum†. Lying on a bed of vibrating metal balls, suspended from wires hit with a hammer, while shooting way up into the air all combined into one.The music had complicated rhythms and expansive movements; it was heavy and thick with texture, including singers and instruments in polyphonic heaven. Sounds were echoed and imitated, creating a very elaborate piece witho ut any crescendos or diminuendos to make it dynamically different. It did have dependable meters though, usually two, three, four, or six main beats. In Just a century and a half, more than two dozen people made artistic history. The Baroque period was a great time of advancement in several areas, especially music.Numerous composers, such as Bach, Handel, Scouts, Vivaldi, Cornell, and Lully, and their work, like The Messiah, and The Four Seasons, survive to this day. The Baroque area has its own defining characteristics, such as complicated rhythms, elaborate melodies, pieces thick with harmony, and syrupy textures. It was also during a time of great change and many new discoveries, such as gravity, the first opera and opera house, and the beginning of the Age of Enlightenment. Hopefully this essay did some justice to the Baroque era. That's all folks.

Updating Cookies in JavaScript

Updating Cookies in JavaScript Actually updating a cookie is slightly different from just replacing a cookie in that the new value we want to place in the cookie is dependent in some way on whether the cookie already exists and if so on what it contains. This means that we need to read the existing cookie before we can write a replacement for it. One thing to note is that when we read a cookie we have no way of telling when the existing cookie is due to expire or whether the cookie is restricted to a specific folder or available across the entire domain. You need to set a new retention period when you replace the cookie and need to keep track of what scope you want the cookie to have within your pages so as to apply the same domain or path option each time. The only thing that you are actually able to read when updating rather than just replacing a cookie is the actual value of the data stored in the cookie. In this example, we are going to use a cookie named accesscount to count the number of times that our visitor has accessed our page where no more than seven days has elapsed between visits. Should more than seven days elapse between visits then the cookie will expire and the next visit will restart counting from zero. We are using the allCookies() and writeCookie() functions from the prior examples so the only piece of new code we need in order to actually do the update is in the last two lines. var cookie;allCookies function() {var cr, ck, cv;cr []; if (document.cookie ! ) {ck document.cookie.split(; );for (var ick.length - 1; i 0; i) {cv ck.split();cr[ck[0]]ck[1];}}return cr;};writeCookie function(cname, cvalue, days,opt) {var dt, expires, option;if (days) {dt new Date();dt.setTime(dt.getTime()(days*24*60*60*1000));expires ; expiresdt.toGMTString();} else expires ;if (opt) {if (/ substr(opt,0,1)) option ; pathopt;else option ; domainopt;} else option ;document.cookie cnamecvalueexpiresoption;}cookie allCookies();if (cookie.accesscount ! null) writeCookie(mycookie, cookie.accesscount 1,7);else writeCookie(mycookie, 1,7);

Understanding Typed Constants in Delphi

Understanding Typed Constants in Delphi When Delphi invokes an event handler, the old values of local variables are wiped out. What if we want to keep track of how many times a button has been clicked? We could have the values persist by using a unit-level variable, but it is generally a good idea to reserve unit-level variables only for sharing information. What we need are usually called static variables or typed constants in Delphi. Variable or Constant Typed constants can be compared to initialized variables-variables whose values are defined on entry to their block (usually event handler). Such a variable is initialized only when the program starts running. After that, the value of a typed constant persists between successive calls to their procedures. Using typed constants is a very clean way of implementing automatically initialized variables. To implement these variables without typed constants, well need to create an initialization section that sets the value of each initialized variable. Variable Typed Constants Although we declare typed constants in the const section of a procedure, it is important to remember that they are not constants. At any point in your application, if you have access to the identifier for a typed constant youll be able to modify its value. To see typed constants at work, put a button on a blank form, and assign the following code to the OnClick event handler: procedure TForm1.Button1Click(Sender: TObject) ; const   Ã‚   clicks : Integer 1; //not a true constant begin    Form1.Caption : IntToStr(clicks) ;    clicks : clicks 1; end; Notice that every time you click on the button, forms caption increments steadily.Now try the following code: procedure TForm1.Button1Click(Sender: TObject) ; var   Ã‚   clicks : Integer; begin    Form1.Caption : IntToStr(clicks) ;    clicks : clicks 1; end; We are now using an uninitialized variable for the clicks counter. Notice that weird value in the forms caption after you click on the button. Constant Typed Constants You have to agree that idea of modifiable constants sounds a bit strange. In 32 bit versions of Delphi Borland decided to discourage their use, but support them for Delphi 1 legacy code. We can enable or disable Assignable typed constants on the Compiler page of the Project Options dialog box. If youve disabled Assignable typed constants for a given project, when you attempt to compile previous code Delphi will give you Left side cannot be assigned to error upon compilation. You can, however, create assignable typed constant by declaring: {$J} const clicks : Integer 1; {$J-} Therefore, the first example code looks like: procedure TForm1.Button1Click(Sender: TObject) ; const {$J}   Ã‚   clicks : Integer 1; //not a true constant {$J-} begin    Form1.Caption : IntToStr(clicks) ;    clicks : clicks 1; end; Conclusion Its up to you to decide whether you want typed constants to be assignable or not. The important thing here is that besides ideal for counters, typed constants are ideal for making components alternately visible or invisible, or we can use them for switching between any Boolean properties. Typed constants can also be used inside TTimers event handler to keep track of how many times even has been triggered.

Contemporary Issues for Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Contemporary Issues for Business - Essay Example Globalization has its own advantages and curses. With the help of globalization countries can share their surplus resources with the other countries. It creates a sense of unity in global arena. On the other hand globalization has its own negatives. Due to globalizations, countries which are having weak economy are significantly over dependent upon economically strong countries. Here in this case of Ukraine crisis, two economic super powers are fighting among each other and are imposing bans and trade sanctions. All these bans and trade sanctions have very serious consequences for the global fraternity. Economically weak countries which are highly dependent upon strong countries feel the pressure significantly. With the help of this essay economic consequences caused by the various trade sanctions related with Ukraine crisis will be evaluated. The essay will analyze all the critical factors in a detailed fashion. The above picture is indicating that, various nations across the world do high level business with Russia as far as the food and agricultural exports are concern. In fact the country which is taking some proactive measures to impose sanction upon Russia i.e. US also does almost $1.6 billion food and agricultural business with Russia. It means economies of all these countries are significantly dependent upon the export. So there is no shadow of doubt that there are high negative economic consequences on the above shown countries. Especially European Union is the highest exporter of food and agricultural products to Russia. Trade sanctions have most adverse economic consequences on the EU economy only. Due to all the trade sanctions EU and other nations as well are deprived of foreign currency. Generally EU exports almost â‚ ¬11.9bn agricultural products to Russia. The ban can reduce almost â‚ ¬5.3bn business. It